Copper IUD
vs
Spermicide

A side-by-side comparison of two birth control methods — efficacy, cost, how they work, and who shouldn't use them.

Side-by-side comparison

Method
Copper IUD

Copper IUD

A small copper device placed in the uterus that works for up to 10 years and is over 99% effective.
Spermicide

Spermicide

A chemical gel, foam, or film inserted into the vagina before sex to disable sperm, available over the counter.
Efficacy99.2% typical use

Most effective: over 99 out of 100 people successfully prevent pregnancy per year.

79% typical use

Least effective: under 90 out of 100 people successfully prevent pregnancy per year.

Cost$0–$1,424

Insurance: Usually

$1–$3 /per unit

Insurance: Varies

DurationUp to 10 yearsSingle use (effective for 1 hour; duration varies by formulation, check product label)
ReversibilityReversibleReversible
STI ProtectionNoNo
How it works

Releases copper ions into the uterus that make the environment toxic to sperm and may prevent implantation if fertilization occurs.

A chemical (usually nonoxynol-9) immobilizes or kills sperm on contact. Inserted into the vagina before sex.

PrescriptionRequired Prescription requiredOTC Over-the-counter
Available Products5 products2 products
Side effects
  • Heavier or longer periods (especially first few months)
  • Increased cramping
  • Spotting between periods
  • Small risk of uterine perforation at insertion
  • Vaginal or penile irritation
  • Increased risk of UTI
  • Allergic reaction (rare)
Who shouldn't use this
  • Active pelvic infection or PID (FDA label Category 4)
  • Uterine anomaly preventing insertion (FDA label Category 4)
  • Wilson's disease (copper metabolism disorder) (FDA label Category 4)
  • Known copper allergy (FDA label Category 4)
  • Current pregnancy (FDA label Category 4)
  • Sensitivity to nonoxynol-9
  • Active vaginal irritation or infection
  • High risk of HIV exposure (frequent use may increase transmission risk)