DiaphragmvsTubal Ligation

A side-by-side comparison of two birth control methods — efficacy, cost, how they work, and who shouldn't use them.

Side-by-side comparison

Method
Diaphragm

Diaphragm

A reusable silicone dome that covers the cervix to block sperm, used with spermicide each time you have sex.
Female Sterilization

Female Sterilization

A permanent surgical procedure that blocks or removes the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy.
Efficacy83% typical use

Least effective: under 90 out of 100 people successfully prevent pregnancy per year.

99.5% typical use

Most effective: over 99 out of 100 people successfully prevent pregnancy per year.

Cost$60–$112

Insurance: Usually

$0–$6,000

Insurance: Usually

DurationReusable for 1-2 years (replace every 1-2 years or sooner if damaged)Permanent
ReversibilityReversiblePermanent
STI ProtectionNoNo
How it works

A reusable silicone dome covers the cervix to block sperm from entering the uterus. Used with spermicide for added effectiveness.

Surgical disruption (clipping, banding, cauterization, or complete removal) of the fallopian tubes prevents eggs from reaching the uterus and sperm from reaching the egg.

PrescriptionRequired Prescription requiredRequired Prescription required
Side effects
  • Increased risk of urinary tract infection
  • Vaginal irritation from spermicide
  • Discomfort if not fitted correctly
  • Surgical risks (bleeding, infection, organ damage)
  • Anesthesia side effects
  • Ectopic pregnancy (small but serious risk if failure occurs)
Who shouldn't use this
  • Uterine or cervical anomaly preventing fit
  • Sensitivity to silicone or spermicide
  • Inability to insert or remove reliably
  • Medical instability for general anesthesia or laparoscopy
  • Uncertainty about future fertility desires

Key differences

Female Sterilization is more effective (99.5% vs 83% typical use). Diaphragm duration: Reusable for 1-2 years (replace every 1-2 years or sooner if damaged). Female Sterilization duration: Permanent. Diaphragm is reversible; Female Sterilization is permanent. Diaphragm: costs $60–$112. Female Sterilization: costs $0–$6,000.